Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported; some outbreaks may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. See 'About Outbreaks' tab below for further detail.
For further information on red, amber and green alert categories, see About Outbreaks tab.
West Nile virus in Italy
As of 1 October 2025, a total of 718 confirmed cases of West Nile virus, including 49 deaths have been reported across Italy in 2025. The most affected regions are Lazio (252 cases), Campania (124 cases) and Veneto (91 cases). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on West Nile virus.
Mpox in Malawi
As of 26 September 2025, a total of 113 mpox clade Ib cases and one death have been confirmed in Malawi in 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Dengue in Sudan
As of 30 September 2025, a total of 13,735 suspected dengue cases and 22 deaths have been reported from 10 of 12 states in Sudan. There has been a 21 percent increase in new cases in the past four weeks. Since the beginning of the outbreak in July 2024, 22,418 suspected dengue cases and 37 deaths have been reported across the country. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Dengue in El Salvador
As of 6 September 2025, a total of 4,235 dengue cases have been reported since the start of the year. All four dengue serotypes have been reported in El Salvador during 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Measles in Israel
As of 28 September 2025, the Ministry of Health reported the sixth death of the year from measles in an unvaccinated child. Outbreaks of measles have been reported in Jerusalem, Beit Shemesh, Bnei Brak, Harish, Modi'in Illit, No HaGalil, Kiryat Gat and Ashdod. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on measles.
Toscana virus in Italy
As of 23 September 2025, a total of 95 locally acquired cases of Toscana virus (including one death) have been reported in Italy during 2025. The most affected regions have been Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna and Marche. Please see the following information from the ECDC for further details on Toscana virus.
Dengue in Costa Rica
As of 6 September 2025, a total of 3,837 dengue cases have been reported since the start of the year. All four dengue serotypes have been reported in Costa Rica during 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Eastern equine encephalitis in USA
As of 22 September 2025 the first recorded human case of Eastern equine encephalitis in Madison County, New York State has been confirmed. Travellers should avoid mosquito bites.
Oran
cVDPV1 in Algeria
As of 17 September 2025, one circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (cVDPV1) case was reported this week, with onset of paralysis on 25 January 2025, from El Tarf. A genetically-linked cVDPV1 was also isolated from an environmental surveillance sample, collected on 17 March, from Oran. This is a new emergence. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
Rajshahi
Barisal
Nipah virus in Bangladesh
On 18 September 2025, the World Health Organization reported a total of four confirmed fatal Nipah virus cases in Bangladesh since January 2025. All cases were reported at different times in four separate districts across three different divisions: Barisal, Dhaka and Rajshahi. No epidemiological links have been identified between these cases. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Nipah viral disease.
NaTHNaC regularly review and update information on disease outbreaks and other health issues that may affect the UK traveller. You can search the information by disease or by country in our Outbreak Surveillance section.
The information comes from a wide variety of sources and can be used along with the Country Information section of our website where you will find recommendations on vaccines, malaria and other risks for each country (where relevant).
Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported. In some countries, there may be limited surveillance and reporting processes in place so information can be difficult to obtain. Some diseases may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. Outbreaks of those diseases included in the UK childhood vaccination programme are not usually reported unless the outbreak is unusual or unexpected.
The information presented in the disease surveillance reports is collated from a variety of sources, including government bodies, international organisations and the media. The verification status of each report is clearly indicated. Verified reports are confirmed by official sources. Some unverified reports are included to ensure timely dissemination of information and where possible we will try to substantiate these reports, although confirmation may not always be possible. Unverified reports may be subject to change, misreporting and may later prove to be unsubstantiated. They should not therefore be regarded as official.
Where available, a web link is provided to the original information source. We cannot accept responsibility for the sites to which it links, or for the information found on those sites. Linking to outside sites does not in any way imply endorsement of these sites. If you wish to use the following content for official purposes, please refer to the original sources of information.
Key to NaTHNaC alert level feature
LEVEL 1: GREEN |
Take usual precautions
|
Follow standard protective measures, as recommended for this destination, disease or situation. Be aware that advice may change and check for updates. |
|
LEVEL 2: AMBER |
Take extra precautions
|
Follow any additional precautions recommended. Be alert and check regularly for changes in advice about this ongoing situation. Advice may be relevant for all travellers or apply to a specific group of travellers. |
|
LEVEL 3: RED |
FCDO advise against travel
|
The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) advise against travel on health grounds. This may mean avoiding non-essential travel, or all travel, follow the FCDO advice for details. Please note we do not report on FCDO safety and security alerts. Travellers should check the FCDO travel advisories for their destination for this information. |
|
Alert categories are based on the situation at the time of publication. They will not be routinely updated unless outbreak information or a news item is updated.
