Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported; some outbreaks may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. See 'About Outbreaks' tab below for further detail.
For further information on red, amber and green alert categories, see About Outbreaks tab.
Cholera in Chad
As of 5 October 2025, a total of 2,667 cholera cases (with 81 confirmed) and 149 deaths have been reported from three out of 23 provinces in Chad since the start of the outbreak (13 July 2025). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
Mpox in Zambia
As of 21 September 2025, a total of 247 mpox clade Ib cases and three deaths have been reported in Zambia in 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
As of 31 July 2025, a total of 179 mpox clade Ib cases, and three deaths, have been confirmed in Zambia since 2024. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHOAs of 22 June 2025, a total of 90 confirmed mpox clade Ib cases and three deaths have been reported in Zambia since January 2024. Community transmission of clade Ib mpox has been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHOAs of 25 May 2025, a total of 82 confirmed mpox cases and two deaths have been reported in Zambia since 2024. Community transmission of clade Ib mpox has been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHOAs of 27 April 2025, a total of 49 confirmed mpox cases have been reported since cases were first reported in Zambia in November 2024. Mpox clade Ib has been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHOAs of 1 April 2025, a total of 31 mpox cases have been reported since January 2024. Mpox clade Ib has been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHOAs of 9 March 2025, 24 confirmed cases of mpox have been reported in Zambia. Mpox clade Ib has been reported. On 20 March 2025 the first mpox related death was reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: StateAs of 9 March 2025, 24 confirmed mpox cases have been reported in Zambia. Mpox clade Ib has been reported. Please our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHOAs of 2 March 2025, a total of 23 confirmed mpox cases have been reported in Zambia since the outbreak started in 2024. Mpox clade Ib has been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHOAs of 23 February 2025, a total of 21 confirmed mpox cases have been reported in Zambia since the outbreak started in 2024. Mpox clade Ib has been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHOAs of 16 February 2025, a total of 19 confirmed mpox cases have been reported in Zambia. Mpox clade Ib has been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHOAs of 26 January 2025, a total of 16 confirmed mpox cases have been reported. Mpox clade Ib is reported in Zambia. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHOAs of 5 January 2025, a total of four confirmed mpox cases have been reported. Mpox clade Ib is reported in Zambia. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHOOn 30 December 2024, a third mpox case was confirmed by the Zambia Ministry of Health. Clade type was not reported. Zambia's first mpox case during November 2024 was clade typed to be clade Ib. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: StateOn 9 November 2024, the World Health Organization reported a travel-related case of mpox clade Ib. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHOArgentine haemorrhagic fever in Argentina
As of 13 September 2025, a total of 373 suspected cases of Argentine haemorrhagic fever (AHF) and 49 confirmed cases, including three deaths, have been reported in Argentina in 2025. Confirmed cases have been reported in Buenos Aires, Cordoba and Santa Fe. Please see UKHSA guidance on AHF for further details.
As of 27 July 2025, a total of 15 confirmed and 106 suspected Argentine haemorrhagic fever (AHF) cases, with one death, have now been reported in Buenos Aires Province. The disease is caused by the Junín virus. Please see UKHSA guidance on AHF for further details.
Source: StateBetween 1 January 2025 and 31 May 2025, a total of 13 confirmed and 87 suspected cases of Argentine haemorrhagic fever (AHF) were reported in Buenos Aires Province. The disease is caused by the Junin virus. Please see UKHSA viral haemorrhagic fevers for further details on AHF.
Source: StateOn 28 April 2025, a case of Argentine haemorrhagic fever (AHF) was reported by health officials in the city of Pergamio. The disease is caused by the Junin virus. Please see UKHSA viral haemorrhagic fevers for further details on AHF.
Source: StateWest Nile virus in Italy
As of 1 October 2025, a total of 718 confirmed cases of West Nile virus, including 49 deaths have been reported across Italy in 2025. The most affected regions are Lazio (252 cases), Campania (124 cases) and Veneto (91 cases). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on West Nile virus.
As of 3 September 2025, a total of 502 confirmed human cases of West Nile Virus infection have been reported this year. Among the confirmed cases, 33 deaths have been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on West Nile virus.
Source: StateAs of 27 August 2025, a total of 430 cases of West Nile virus infection (including 27 deaths) have now been confirmed in Italy since the beginning of 2025. Lazio remains the most affected region. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on West Nile virus.
Source: StateAs of 13 August 2025, a total of 351 cases of West Nile virus infection (including 22 deaths) have now been confirmed in Italy since the beginning of 2025. Lazio is the most affected region (174 cases), followed by Campania (78 cases) and Veneto (36 cases). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on West Nile virus.
Source: StateAs of 13 August 2025, a total of 275 cases of West Nile virus infection (including 19 deaths) have now been confirmed in Italy since the beginning of 2025. A total of 102 new cases were reported between 7 and 13 August 2025. Lazio region remains the most affected region, with 140 cases. Please see our factsheet for further details on West Nile virus.
Source: StateAs of 6 August 2025, 173 confirmed human cases of West Nile virus (WNV) infection including 11 deaths have been reported across Italy since the beginning of 2025. This is an addition of 84 new cases cases since the last report on 30 July 2025. Lazio (Latina province) is the most affected region, followed by Campania and Veneto. Please see our factsheet for further details on West Nile virus.
Source: StateAs of 31 July 2025, a total of 89 cases of West Nile virus infection (including eight deaths) have now been confirmed in Italy since the beginning of 2025. A total of 57 new cases were reported between 24 and 30 July 2025. Latina province, in Lazio region, has reported the highest number (54) of cases. Please see our factsheet for further details on West Nile virus.
Source: StateAs of 23 July 2025, a total of 32 cases of West Nile virus infection (including two deaths) have been confirmed in Italy since the beginning of 2025. Of these cases, 21 were reported in the province of Latina, in the region of Lazio. Please see our factsheet for further details on West Nile virus.
Source: StateAs of 20 July 2025, 10 confirmed human cases of West Nile virus have been reported since the beginning of 2025. Seven of these cases were reported from the Lazio region of Latina. Please see our factsheet for further details on West Nile virus.
Source: StateMpox in Malawi
As of 26 September 2025, a total of 113 mpox clade Ib cases and one death have been confirmed in Malawi in 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
As of 31 July 2025, a total of 62 mpox clade Ib cases, with no deaths, have been confirmed in Malawi for 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHOAs of 22 June 2025, a total of 38 confirmed mpox cases and no deaths have been reported in Malawi in 2025. Community transmission of clade Ib mpox has been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHOAs of 25 May 2025, a total of 12 confirmed mpox cases and no deaths have been reported in Malawi in 2025. Clade Ib mpox has been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHOAs of 20 April 2025, three cases of mpox clade Ib have been reported in Malawi by the World Health Organization. Community transmission has been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: WHODengue in Sudan
As of 30 September 2025, a total of 13,735 suspected dengue cases and 22 deaths have been reported from 10 of 12 states in Sudan. There has been a 21 percent increase in new cases in the past four weeks. Since the beginning of the outbreak in July 2024, 22,418 suspected dengue cases and 37 deaths have been reported across the country. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
As of 10 August 2025, a total of 4,648 suspected cases of dengue and seven deaths have been reported from 10 out of 12 states in Sudan in 2025. Since the start of the outbreak in July 2024, a total of 13,331 suspected cases and 22 deaths have been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Source: Africa CDCDengue in El Salvador
As of 6 September 2025, a total of 4,235 dengue cases have been reported since the start of the year. All four dengue serotypes have been reported in El Salvador during 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Measles in Israel
As of 28 September 2025, the Ministry of Health reported the sixth death of the year from measles in an unvaccinated child. Outbreaks of measles have been reported in Jerusalem, Beit Shemesh, Bnei Brak, Harish, Modi'in Illit, No HaGalil, Kiryat Gat and Ashdod. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on measles.
Toscana virus in Italy
As of 23 September 2025, a total of 95 locally acquired cases of Toscana virus (including one death) have been reported in Italy during 2025. The most affected regions have been Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna and Marche. Please see the following information from the ECDC for further details on Toscana virus.
Dengue in Costa Rica
As of 6 September 2025, a total of 3,837 dengue cases have been reported since the start of the year. All four dengue serotypes have been reported in Costa Rica during 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
As of 7 October 2024, a total of 22,575 dengue cases have been reported in 2024. This is an increase of 141% compared to the same period in 2023.
Source: PAHONaTHNaC regularly review and update information on disease outbreaks and other health issues that may affect the UK traveller. You can search the information by disease or by country in our Outbreak Surveillance section.
The information comes from a wide variety of sources and can be used along with the Country Information section of our website where you will find recommendations on vaccines, malaria and other risks for each country (where relevant).
Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported. In some countries, there may be limited surveillance and reporting processes in place so information can be difficult to obtain. Some diseases may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. Outbreaks of those diseases included in the UK childhood vaccination programme are not usually reported unless the outbreak is unusual or unexpected.
The information presented in the disease surveillance reports is collated from a variety of sources, including government bodies, international organisations and the media. The verification status of each report is clearly indicated. Verified reports are confirmed by official sources. Some unverified reports are included to ensure timely dissemination of information and where possible we will try to substantiate these reports, although confirmation may not always be possible. Unverified reports may be subject to change, misreporting and may later prove to be unsubstantiated. They should not therefore be regarded as official.
Where available, a web link is provided to the original information source. We cannot accept responsibility for the sites to which it links, or for the information found on those sites. Linking to outside sites does not in any way imply endorsement of these sites. If you wish to use the following content for official purposes, please refer to the original sources of information.
Key to NaTHNaC alert level feature
LEVEL 1: GREEN |
Take usual precautions
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Follow standard protective measures, as recommended for this destination, disease or situation. Be aware that advice may change and check for updates. |
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LEVEL 2: AMBER |
Take extra precautions
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Follow any additional precautions recommended. Be alert and check regularly for changes in advice about this ongoing situation. Advice may be relevant for all travellers or apply to a specific group of travellers. |
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LEVEL 3: RED |
FCDO advise against travel
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The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) advise against travel on health grounds. This may mean avoiding non-essential travel, or all travel, follow the FCDO advice for details. Please note we do not report on FCDO safety and security alerts. Travellers should check the FCDO travel advisories for their destination for this information. |
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Alert categories are based on the situation at the time of publication. They will not be routinely updated unless outbreak information or a news item is updated.
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