Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported; some outbreaks may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. See 'About Outbreaks' tab below for further detail.

For further information on red, amber and green alert categories, see About Outbreaks tab.

11 April 2025

Measles in Afghanistan

As of 5 April 2025, 31,818 suspected cases of measles, including 208 deaths have been reported since the start of 2025. The trend in measles cases this year is higher than the previous three year average (2022-2024). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on measles.

Take usual precautions
10 April 2025
Australia + Sydney

Legionnaires' disease in Australia

As of 10 April 2025, six cases of Legionnaires' disease have been reported in individuals who all spent time in Sydney's Central Business District in the past three weeks. The source of infection is not yet known. Please see here for information about Legionnaires' disease.

Take usual precautions
10 April 2025

Mpox in South Africa

As of 4 April 2025, a total of six confirmed mpox cases have now been reported for 2025. Mpox due to clade Ib has been reported in South Africa. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.

1
Take extra precautions
09 April 2025

Mpox in Switzerland

On 8 April 2025, the Switzerland Federal Office of Public Health reported their first case of clade Ib mpox in an individual who had returned from Africa at the beginning of April 2025. This is the first clade Ib mpox detection in Switzerland. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.

Take extra precautions
07 April 2025
USA + California

Hantavirus in USA

On 3 April 2025, the Mono County Government, California, Unites States, reported their third fatal case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Hantavirus cases are usually reported in Mono County in late spring and summer, the cases reported so far in 2025 have been detected earlier than usual. Please see here for further details on hantavirus.

Take usual precautions
04 April 2025

Malaria in Trinidad and Tobago

As of 2 April 2025, the Ministry of Health is investigating a cluster of five malaria cases on the island of Trinidad, with the first case identified on 27 March 2025. It is unclear if this is locally acquired malaria and the type (species) of malaria has not yet been confirmed. Mosquito bite avoidance is recommended for all travellers to Trinidad and Tobago. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on malaria.

Take usual precautions
03 April 2025

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Uganda

Between 27 December 2024 and 27 March 2025, six cases (two confirmed, one probable, three suspected) of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) have been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on CCHF.

Take usual precautions

NaTHNaC regularly review and update information on disease outbreaks and other health issues that may affect the UK traveller. You can search the information by disease or by country in our Outbreak Surveillance section.

The information comes from a wide variety of sources and can be used along with the Country Information section of our website where you will find recommendations on vaccines, malaria and other risks for each country (where relevant).

Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported. In some countries, there may be limited surveillance and reporting processes in place so information can be difficult to obtain. Some diseases may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. Outbreaks of those diseases included in the UK childhood vaccination programme are not usually reported unless the outbreak is unusual or unexpected.

The information presented in the disease surveillance reports is collated from a variety of sources, including government bodies, international organisations and the media. The verification status of each report is clearly indicated. Verified reports are confirmed by official sources. Some unverified reports are included to ensure timely dissemination of information and where possible we will try to substantiate these reports, although confirmation may not always be possible. Unverified reports may be subject to change, misreporting and may later prove to be unsubstantiated. They should not therefore be regarded as official.

Where available, a web link is provided to the original information source. We cannot accept responsibility for the sites to which it links, or for the information found on those sites. Linking to outside sites does not in any way imply endorsement of these sites. If you wish to use the following content for official purposes, please refer to the original sources of information.

Key to NaTHNaC alert level feature

LEVEL 1: GREEN
Take usual precautions
Follow standard protective measures, as recommended for this destination, disease or situation. Be aware that advice may change and check for updates.
LEVEL 2: AMBER
Take extra precautions
Follow any additional precautions recommended. Be alert and check regularly for changes in advice about this ongoing situation. Advice may be relevant for all travellers or apply to a specific group of travellers.
LEVEL 3: RED
FCDO advise against travel
The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) advise against travel on health grounds. This may mean avoiding non-essential travel, or all travel, follow the FCDO advice for details. Please note we do not report on FCDO safety and security alerts. Travellers should check the FCDO travel advisories for their destination for this information.

Alert categories are based on the situation at the time of publication. They will not be routinely updated unless outbreak information or a news item is updated.