Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported; some outbreaks may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. See 'About Outbreaks' tab below for further detail.
For further information on red, amber and green alert categories, see About Outbreaks tab.
Hepatitis A in Portugal
Between 1 January and 31 May 2025, 122 cases of hepatitis A have been reported, associated with sexual contact among MSM. The outbreak is mainly affecting the north and the Lisbon and Tagus Valley regions. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on hepatitis A.
Rabies in Timor-Leste
The World Health Organization reported six human rabies cases between April 2024 and 15 June 2025 in Timor-Leste. Five of these cases have been fatal, whilst one remains hospitalised. Out of the 1,445 high risk dog bite exposures reported in the same time period only 18% received the recommended immunoglobulin. Rabies cases in dogs continue to be reported from multiple municipalities during 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on rabies.
In March 2024, the first reported dog rabies and a human rabies case was reported in Oecusse municiplaity. In June 2024, the first dog rabies cases have been reported in Bobonaro municipality. In July 2024 additional dog cases were reported from Covalima municipality. As of 27 September 2024, rabies cases in dogs continue to be reported from all three affected municipalities.
Source: World Organisation for Animal HealthAs of 22 March 2024, one fatal human case of rabies was confirmed in Pasabe Subregion, Oecusse. This is the first confirmed human case of rabies in Timor-Leste.
Source: WHORabies in United Kingdom ex Morocco
On 18 June 2025, it was confirmed that an individual from the UK has sadly died after becoming infected with rabies, following contact with a stray dog during a visit to Morocco. There is no risk to the wider public in relation to this case as there is no documented evidence of rabies passing between people. Rabies does not circulate in either wild or domestic animals in the UK, although some species of bats can carry a rabies-like virus. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on rabies.
Rabies in Spain ex Ethiopia
In early June 2025, the Valencian Health Department reported a fatal case of rabies in a Spanish resident bitten by a dog during a trip to Ethiopia in July 2024. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on rabies.
Malaria in Australia
As of 2 June 2025, Queensland Health have reported two locally acquired malaria cases in Torres Strait residents during 2025. Investigations are ongoing. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on malaria.
Leptospirosis in Bosnia and Herzegovina
As of 2 June 2025, a total of 43 cases of leptospirosis have been reported in the Sarajevo Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina since 15 May 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on leptospirosis.
Dengue in Tonga
Between 19 February and 26 May 2025, the Ministry of Health have reported 793 confirmed dengue cases. The serotype responsible for this current outbreak is dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
As of 7 April 2025, a total of 445 confirmed dengue cases have been reported since the declaration of this outbreak on 19 February 2025. DENV-2 has been identified. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Source: SPCAs of 31 March 2025, a total of 389 confirmed dengue cases have been reported since the declaration of this outbreak on 19 February 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Source: SPCOn 4 March 2025, Tonga Ministry of Health reported 129 confirmed dengue cases and no deaths in Tonga. Dengue serotype 2 (DENV-2) has been reported in this outbreak. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Source: StateAs of 20 February 2025, the Ministry of Health of Tonga declared an outbreak of dengue fever, with a total of 52 cases reported in Vava'u, Tongatapu and 'Eua. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Source: StatecVDPV2 in Burkina Faso
As of 14 May 2025, one case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) has been reported from Fada, with onset of paralysis on 30 March 2025. This is the first human case reported in Burkina Faso since 2023. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
Mpox in India
On 4 May 2025, India retrospectively reported nine cases of mpox due to clade Ib mpox, detected between December 2024 and March 2025. This brings the country's total to 10 cases. All cases reported recent history of travel to countries in the Gulf or contact with travellers from those countries. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
As of 20 October 2024, India has detected one case of clade Ib mpox in a traveller from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). No case of clade Ib mpox has been reported in UAE. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: National Institute of Virology, PuneOn 1 October 2024, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India notified the World Health Organization of the first clade Ib mpox case.
Source: WHOKandy
Gampaha
Chikungunya in Sri Lanka
As of 14 March 2025, a total of 173 chikungunya cases were reported in Colombo, Gampaha and Kandy (22 cases in November and December 2024, and 151 cases during 2025). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
NaTHNaC regularly review and update information on disease outbreaks and other health issues that may affect the UK traveller. You can search the information by disease or by country in our Outbreak Surveillance section.
The information comes from a wide variety of sources and can be used along with the Country Information section of our website where you will find recommendations on vaccines, malaria and other risks for each country (where relevant).
Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported. In some countries, there may be limited surveillance and reporting processes in place so information can be difficult to obtain. Some diseases may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. Outbreaks of those diseases included in the UK childhood vaccination programme are not usually reported unless the outbreak is unusual or unexpected.
The information presented in the disease surveillance reports is collated from a variety of sources, including government bodies, international organisations and the media. The verification status of each report is clearly indicated. Verified reports are confirmed by official sources. Some unverified reports are included to ensure timely dissemination of information and where possible we will try to substantiate these reports, although confirmation may not always be possible. Unverified reports may be subject to change, misreporting and may later prove to be unsubstantiated. They should not therefore be regarded as official.
Where available, a web link is provided to the original information source. We cannot accept responsibility for the sites to which it links, or for the information found on those sites. Linking to outside sites does not in any way imply endorsement of these sites. If you wish to use the following content for official purposes, please refer to the original sources of information.
Key to NaTHNaC alert level feature
LEVEL 1: GREEN |
Take usual precautions
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Follow standard protective measures, as recommended for this destination, disease or situation. Be aware that advice may change and check for updates. |
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LEVEL 2: AMBER |
Take extra precautions
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Follow any additional precautions recommended. Be alert and check regularly for changes in advice about this ongoing situation. Advice may be relevant for all travellers or apply to a specific group of travellers. |
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LEVEL 3: RED |
FCDO advise against travel
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The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) advise against travel on health grounds. This may mean avoiding non-essential travel, or all travel, follow the FCDO advice for details. Please note we do not report on FCDO safety and security alerts. Travellers should check the FCDO travel advisories for their destination for this information. |
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Alert categories are based on the situation at the time of publication. They will not be routinely updated unless outbreak information or a news item is updated.
