Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported; some outbreaks may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. See 'About Outbreaks' tab below for further detail.
For further information on red, amber and green alert categories, see About Outbreaks tab.
Malaria in Namibia
As of 25 January 2026, a total of 8,760 confirmed cases of malaria have been reported in 2026. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on malaria.
As of 8 June 2025, 74,005 locally acquired malaria cases have been reported in Namibia, especially in endemic northern and northeastern regions. Five districts: Nkurenkuru, Katima Mulilo, Andara, Outapi, and Nyangana accounted for 74% of new cases reported in the first week of June 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on malaria.
Source: WHOJapanese encephalitis in Australia
As of 13 January 2026, a probable case of Japanese encephalitis was reported in a New South Wales resident. This case is believed to have been exposed in Riverina in December 2025. Health authorities also advise in January 2026 that the virus was detected in a chicken in Upper Lachlan Shire, near Goulburn. This indicates that Japanese encephalitis is likely to be circulating in this area. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Japanese encephalitis.
On 14 March 2025, the New South Wales (NSW) Government in Australia reported a second fatal case of Japanese encephalitis (JE). Five cases have been reported in NSW in 2025. This is the second death from JE acquired in NSW in 2025, and the fourth since the virus was first detected in NSW in 2022. JE virus has been reported across Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland. Please our Topics in Brief article for further details on Japanese encephalitis.
Source: StateAs of 3 March 2025, two confirmed human cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) have been identified in Victoria, in addition to five cases reported across New South Wales and Queensland this season. JE virus has also been detected in mosquito populations and at piggeries across Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland this summer. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Japanese encephalitis.
Source: StateAs of 25 February 2025, two locally acquired Japanese encephalitis cases (one fatal) have been reported in 2025. This is the third confirmed fatal Japanese encephalitis case reported in New South Wales since the virus was first detected in this state in 2022. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Japanese encephalitis.
Source: StateAs of 30 December 2024, a probable Japanese encephalitis case has been identified in a resident of northern Victoria. The virus has also been detected by environmental surveillance along the Murray River, and in mosquitoes and wild pigs in New South Wales. This indicates Japanese encephalitis is likely to be circulating in northern Victoria. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Japanese encephalitis.
Source: StateJapanese encephalitis virus has been detected in a mosquito sample in Lake Wyangan, New South Wales collected on 3 December 2024. Health authorities are reminding residents and visitors to the area to take protective measures. A local vaccination campaign is in place for residents and workers in the affected areas of New South Wales. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Japanese encephalitis.
Source: StateShigella sonnei in Cape Verde
As of 5 February 2026, a total of 112 confirmed Shigella sonnei cases were reported in travellers from England, Scotland and Wales who have visited to Cape Verde since 1 October 2025. Most of these travellers visited Santa Maria and Boa Vista. Previously, a Shigella sonnei outbreak was reported in Cape Verde in 2022, with cases in travellers from European countries, including the UK. Please see UKHSA guidance for more further information on Shigella sonnei.
The UK Health Security Agency is currently investigating an increase in reports of Shigella sonnei infection in travellers. The majority of cases report travel to Cape Verde. An outbreak of Shigella sonnei was also reported in Cape Verde in 2022, with cases occurring in travellers from a number of European countries including the UK.
Source: UKHSAcVDPV2 in Mali
As of 28 January 2026, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative reported one case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) from Ménaka. The onset of paralysis was 3 October 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
Nipah virus in India
On 27th January 2026, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in India reported that 196 contacts of two confirmed cases of Nipah virus disease in West Bengal have tested negative. This is the 9th Nipah virus outbreak in India since the first outbreak in 2001. Between 2018 and 2025, outbreaks have been reported almost annually in Kerala. Media sources have reported screening measures have been introduced at some international airports for travellers arriving from the affected area. Risk of Nipah virus disease for tourists visiting endemic countries is very low, if standard precautions are followed. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Nipah virus disease.
On 13 January 2026, two cases of Nipah virus were confirmed. Both cases are receiving hospital treatment. These cases are the first in West Bengal in 19 years. This is the 9th Nipah virus outbreak in India since the first outbreak in 2001. Between 2018 and 2025 outbreaks have been reported almost annually in Kerala. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Nipah virus.
Source: StateWPV1 in Germany
Two wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) positive environmental samples have been reported from Hamburg on 7 and 13 October 2025. These samples are from the same collection site as the previously-reported WPV1-positive environmental sample collected on 6 October 2025. The isolates are closely genetically linked. There are no associated cases of paralysis and no evidence of local community transmission. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
Wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) has been detected in an environmental sample taken from wastewater in Hamburg on 6 October 2025. There have been no reports to date of any clinical or suspected human cases of poliomyelitis in Germany, with the last cases recorded over 30 years ago. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
Source: StateMarburg disease in Ethiopia
On 26 January 2026, the Ethiopian government and WHO officially declared the end of the Marburg disease outbreak. This is following completion of enhanced surveillance and the mandatory follow-up period, with no new confirmed cases reported for consecutive 42 days. The outbreak began on 14 November 2025 and affected four district: Jinka, Malle, and Arba Minch in the South Ethiopia Region and Hawassa in the Sidama Region. A total of 14 confirmed cases, including nine deaths, were recorded.
As of 12 December 2025, the Ministry of Health in Ethiopia have reported 14 confirmed cases of Marburg disease with nine deaths. As of 5 December the UK FCDO advises against all but essential travel within 5km of the towns of Jinka and Hawassa due to the ongoing Marburg outbreak.
Source: StateAs of 4 December 202, the Ministry of Health in Ethiopia have reported 13 confirmed cases of Marburg disease with 8 deaths. As of 5 December the UK FCDO advises against all but essential travel within 5km of the towns of Jinka and Hawassa due to the ongoing Marburg outbreak.
Source: StateAs of 26 November 2025, a total of 13 confirmed Marburg disease cases (including eight deaths) have been reported in Ethiopia. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Marburg disease.
Source: StateAs of 26 November 2025, a total of 12 confirmed Marburg disease cases (including seven deaths) have been reported in Ethiopia. A further 78 suspected cases are under investigation. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Marburg disease.
Source: StateAs of 23 November 2025, a total of 10 confirmed Marburg disease cases, with five deaths, have now been reported. A further 57 suspected cases are under investigation. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Marburg disease.
Source: StateAs of 20 November 2025, a total of six confirmed cases of Marburg disease including three deaths have been reported. A further 33 suspected cases are under laboratory investigation. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Marburg disease.
Source: StateAs of 18 November 2025, a total of four confirmed cases of Marburg disease including three deaths have been reported. A further 26 suspected cases are under laboratory investigation. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Marburg disease.
Source: StateOn 14 November 2025, an outbreak of Marburg disease was reported in Jinka Town, South Ethiopia Regional State. A total of nine suspected cases and six deaths have been reported, including two fatal cases in health workers. This is the first Marburg disease outbreak reported in Ethiopia. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Marburg disease.
Source: UKHSAAs of 13 November 2025, eight suspected cases of viral haemorrhagic fever in South Ethiopia are being investigated by health authorities. Laboratory testing is awaited and the WHO have sent a team to the region to support. Please see UKHSA guidance on viral harmorrhagic fever for further details.
Source: WHOMarburg disease in South Sudan ex Ethiopia
As of 12 January 2026, a total of three suspected Marburg disease cases have been reported in South Sudan. Two of these suspected cases travelled to Marburg disease affected areas in Ethiopia in November 2025 and one suspected case is believed to be possible community spread. Please see our Topics in Brief article for more details on Marburg disease.
Mpox in Mexico ex Germany
On 9 January 2026, the World Health Organization reported a clade Ib mpox case in Mexico. The case is an adult male with a travel history to Germany. This is the first clade Ib mpox case reported in Mexico. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Cholera in Somalia
Between 1 January and 24 December 2025, a total of 8,763 cases of cholera (nine deaths) have been reported in Somalia. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
NaTHNaC regularly review and update information on disease outbreaks and other health issues that may affect the UK traveller. You can search the information by disease or by country in our Outbreak Surveillance section.
The information comes from a wide variety of sources and can be used along with the Country Information section of our website where you will find recommendations on vaccines, malaria and other risks for each country (where relevant).
Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported. In some countries, there may be limited surveillance and reporting processes in place so information can be difficult to obtain. Some diseases may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. Outbreaks of those diseases included in the UK childhood vaccination programme are not usually reported unless the outbreak is unusual or unexpected.
The information presented in the disease surveillance reports is collated from a variety of sources, including government bodies, international organisations and the media. The verification status of each report is clearly indicated. Verified reports are confirmed by official sources. Some unverified reports are included to ensure timely dissemination of information and where possible we will try to substantiate these reports, although confirmation may not always be possible. Unverified reports may be subject to change, misreporting and may later prove to be unsubstantiated. They should not therefore be regarded as official.
Where available, a web link is provided to the original information source. We cannot accept responsibility for the sites to which it links, or for the information found on those sites. Linking to outside sites does not in any way imply endorsement of these sites. If you wish to use the following content for official purposes, please refer to the original sources of information.
Key to NaTHNaC alert level feature
LEVEL 1: GREEN |
Take usual precautions
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Follow standard protective measures, as recommended for this destination, disease or situation. Be aware that advice may change and check for updates. |
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LEVEL 2: AMBER |
Take extra precautions
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Follow any additional precautions recommended. Be alert and check regularly for changes in advice about this ongoing situation. Advice may be relevant for all travellers or apply to a specific group of travellers. |
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LEVEL 3: RED |
FCDO advise against travel
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The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) advise against travel on health grounds. This may mean avoiding non-essential travel, or all travel, follow the FCDO advice for details. Please note we do not report on FCDO safety and security alerts. Travellers should check the FCDO travel advisories for their destination for this information. |
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Alert categories are based on the situation at the time of publication. They will not be routinely updated unless outbreak information or a news item is updated.
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