Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported; some outbreaks may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. See 'About Outbreaks' tab below for further detail.
For further information on red, amber and green alert categories, see About Outbreaks tab.
MERS-CoV in France
On 4 December 2025, French health authorities reported two confirmed, travel-associated Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases. Both travellers had visited the Arabian Peninsula. These are the first imported MERS-CoV cases detected in France since 2013. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on MERS-CoV.
Mpox in United Kingdom
On 8 December 2025, the UK Health Security Agency reported that testing (genomic sequencing) has identified a new recombinant mpox virus, with elements of clade Ib and IIb mpox. This is not unexpected, but highlights the continued potential for mpox virus to evolve and the importance of surveillance. This case was diagnosed in England in an individual who recently visited Asia. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Leptospirosis in Jamaica
As of 26 November 2025 a total of 18 confirmed cases of leptospirosis have been reported following Hurricane Melissa. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on leptospirosis.
Dengue in Thailand
As of 31 October 2025, a total of 51,795 dengue cases and 46 deaths have been reported in Thailand during 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Dengue in India
As of 31 October 2025, a total of 91,015 dengue cases have been reported in India during 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Dengue in American Samoa
As of 1 December 2025, a total of 348 confirmed cases of dengue and no deaths have been reported in American Samoa since the start of 2025. Ongoing transmission has been reported and cases are continuing to rise. DENV-1 and DENV-2 have been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Cholera in Afghanistan
As of 10 November 2025, a total of 153,849 cholera cases, including 74 deaths have been reported in Afghanistan since 1 January 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
Cholera in Nepal
As of 17 November 2025, a total of 2,018 cholera cases have been reported in Nepal since 1 January 2025. In comparison, in 2024 up to 23 September 2024, a total of 95 cases were reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
Mpox in Kenya
As of 23 November 2025, a total of 832 cases of mpox clade Ib (including 12 deaths), have been reported in Kenya in 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Hepatitis A in Slovakia
Between January and October 2025, a total of 2,482 cases of Hepatitis A have been reported in Slovakia. The epidemiological situation has been improving in 2025, but many cases continue to be reported, and people living in conditions of poor sanitation and the Roma population are still disproportionally affected. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on hepatitis A.
NaTHNaC regularly review and update information on disease outbreaks and other health issues that may affect the UK traveller. You can search the information by disease or by country in our Outbreak Surveillance section.
The information comes from a wide variety of sources and can be used along with the Country Information section of our website where you will find recommendations on vaccines, malaria and other risks for each country (where relevant).
Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported. In some countries, there may be limited surveillance and reporting processes in place so information can be difficult to obtain. Some diseases may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. Outbreaks of those diseases included in the UK childhood vaccination programme are not usually reported unless the outbreak is unusual or unexpected.
The information presented in the disease surveillance reports is collated from a variety of sources, including government bodies, international organisations and the media. The verification status of each report is clearly indicated. Verified reports are confirmed by official sources. Some unverified reports are included to ensure timely dissemination of information and where possible we will try to substantiate these reports, although confirmation may not always be possible. Unverified reports may be subject to change, misreporting and may later prove to be unsubstantiated. They should not therefore be regarded as official.
Where available, a web link is provided to the original information source. We cannot accept responsibility for the sites to which it links, or for the information found on those sites. Linking to outside sites does not in any way imply endorsement of these sites. If you wish to use the following content for official purposes, please refer to the original sources of information.
Key to NaTHNaC alert level feature
LEVEL 1: GREEN |
Take usual precautions
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Follow standard protective measures, as recommended for this destination, disease or situation. Be aware that advice may change and check for updates. |
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LEVEL 2: AMBER |
Take extra precautions
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Follow any additional precautions recommended. Be alert and check regularly for changes in advice about this ongoing situation. Advice may be relevant for all travellers or apply to a specific group of travellers. |
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LEVEL 3: RED |
FCDO advise against travel
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The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) advise against travel on health grounds. This may mean avoiding non-essential travel, or all travel, follow the FCDO advice for details. Please note we do not report on FCDO safety and security alerts. Travellers should check the FCDO travel advisories for their destination for this information. |
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Alert categories are based on the situation at the time of publication. They will not be routinely updated unless outbreak information or a news item is updated.
