Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported; some outbreaks may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. See 'About Outbreaks' tab below for further detail.
For further information on red, amber and green alert categories, see About Outbreaks tab.
WPV1 in Pakistan
Wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) continues to be reported in Pakistan with 30 human cases recorded during 2025. As of 7 January 2026, 36 WPV1-positive environmental samples were reported from specimens collected in November and December 2025 across the country. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
Cholera in Yemen
Between 1 January and 1 December 2025, a total of 92,352 cases of cholera (243 deaths) have been reported in Yemen. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
As of 1 December 2024 a total of 249,900 suspected cases of cholera, with 861 associated deaths have been reported since the beginning of the year. World Health Organization state this accounts for 35% of the global cholera burden and 18% of global reported mortality. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
Source: WHOCholera in Angola
Between 1 January and 24 December 2025, a total of 36,077 cases of cholera have been reported in Angola. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
Between 1 January and 6 September 2025, a total of 28,102 cases of cholera have been reported from 18 of the 21 provinces. There has been a 46% average increase in the number of new cases reported in the last 4 weeks. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
Source: Africa CDCOn 21 June 2025, the World Health Organization reported 26,656 cholera cases and 751 associated deaths in Angola since the start of the outbreak on 7 January 2025. See our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
Source: WHOAs of 14 May 2025, a total of 20,248 cholera cases, with 616 associated deaths, have been reported in Angola since this outbreak began in January 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
Source: WHOFrom 31 December 2024 to 23 March 2025, a total of 8,543 cholera cases, with 329 deaths, have now been reported from 15 provinces in Angola. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
Source: WHOAs of 9 February 2025, a total of 3,043 confirmed cases of cholera and 101 deaths have been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
Source: StateCholera in Myanmar
Between 1 January and 8 December 2025, a total of 2,378 cases of cholera have been reported in Myanmar. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
As of 3 April 2025, the World Health Organization assesses the risk of an acute watery diarrhoea and cholera outbreak as very high. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera. Humanitarian aid workers, please see our Areas of humanitarian crisis factsheet for more detailed advice.
Source: WHOMERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia
As of 5 January 2026, a total of 17 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection have been reported in Saudi Arabia since the start of 2025. The most recent cases, reported between September and December 2025, were from the regions of Makkah, Riyad and Najran. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on MERS-CoV.
As of 3 September 2025, a total of 12 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection have been reported in Saudi Arabia during 2025. The most recent case was reported in August 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on MERS-CoV.
Source: WHOBetween 1 March and 21 April 2025, the Ministry of Health of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia reported nine cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. Two of these cases died. Among the nine cases, seven cases were identified in Riyadh, including six health care workers who acquired the infection caring for an infected patient. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on MERS-CoV.
Source: StatecVDPV2 in Tanzania
As of 7 January 2026, two circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) positive environmental samples were reported from specimens collected on 16 December 2025 in Mwanza. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
As of 25 June 2025, one circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) positive environmental sample was reported this week. This sample was collected on 19 May 2025 in Mwanza. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
Source: GPEICholera in Burundi
Between 1 January and 24 December 2025, a total of 2,984 cases of cholera (13 deaths) have been reported in Burundi. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
As of 30 September 2025, a total of 1,108 cases of cholera and six deaths have been reported from three of 18 provinces in Burundi since the start of 2025. There has been a 69 percent increase in cases in the last four weeks. Since the beginning of the outbreak (December 2022), a total of 3,324 cases (3,259 confirmed) and 18 deaths have been reported across the country. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
Source: Africa CDCHantavirus in Panama
Between 1 January and 17 December 2025, the Ministry of Health in Panama have reported 27 cases of hantavirus. In addition, 22 cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome have been reported. This is a doubling of recorded cases compared to 2024. Please see UKHSA guidance for more further information on hantavirus.
Chikungunya in Thailand
As of 29 December 2025, a total of 1,379 chikungunya cases have been reported in Thailand for 2025. Compared to the same period in 2024, the number of cases reported in 2025 is approximately double. The northern region, particularly Chiang Mai, is reporting the highest number of cases. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Chikungunya in Brazil
As of 20 December 2025, a total of 247,268 chikungunya cases, and 120 deaths, have been reported for 2025 in Brazil. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
As of 8 August 2025, a total of 115,920 cases of chikungunya (87,312 confirmed) and 106 deaths have been reported since the beginning of 2025. The overall burden is lower compared to the equivalent period in the 2024 transmission season. Most cases have been reported from Mato Grosso (41,321 confirmed cases). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: StateBetween 1 January and 7 June 2025, a total of 102,259 probable cases of chikungunya (68,259 confirmed) and 81 deaths have been reported. Case numbers have peaked and the overall case burden in 2025 is lower compared to the same period in 2024. Regions reporting highest incidence include Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondonia, Parana, Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: StateAs of 29 March 2025, a total of 56,433 probable chikungunya cases have been reported in Brazil since 1 January 2025. Cases numbers have peaked and are less than the number of cases reported in the same period in 2024. Regions reporting highest incidence include Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondonia and Minas Gerais. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: StateAs of 10 March 2025, a total of 39,065 probable cases of chikungunya have been reported since 1 January 2025. This is less than the number of cases reported in the same period in 2024. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: StateAs of 22 February 2025, a total of 29,673 probable chikungunya cases have been reported in Brazil since the beginning of 2025. This is less than the number of cases reported in the same period in 2024. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: StateAs of 28 September 2024, a total of 349,739 chikungunya cases have been reported in Brazil since the beginning of 2024.
Source: PAHONaTHNaC regularly review and update information on disease outbreaks and other health issues that may affect the UK traveller. You can search the information by disease or by country in our Outbreak Surveillance section.
The information comes from a wide variety of sources and can be used along with the Country Information section of our website where you will find recommendations on vaccines, malaria and other risks for each country (where relevant).
Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported. In some countries, there may be limited surveillance and reporting processes in place so information can be difficult to obtain. Some diseases may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. Outbreaks of those diseases included in the UK childhood vaccination programme are not usually reported unless the outbreak is unusual or unexpected.
The information presented in the disease surveillance reports is collated from a variety of sources, including government bodies, international organisations and the media. The verification status of each report is clearly indicated. Verified reports are confirmed by official sources. Some unverified reports are included to ensure timely dissemination of information and where possible we will try to substantiate these reports, although confirmation may not always be possible. Unverified reports may be subject to change, misreporting and may later prove to be unsubstantiated. They should not therefore be regarded as official.
Where available, a web link is provided to the original information source. We cannot accept responsibility for the sites to which it links, or for the information found on those sites. Linking to outside sites does not in any way imply endorsement of these sites. If you wish to use the following content for official purposes, please refer to the original sources of information.
Key to NaTHNaC alert level feature
LEVEL 1: GREEN |
Take usual precautions
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Follow standard protective measures, as recommended for this destination, disease or situation. Be aware that advice may change and check for updates. |
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LEVEL 2: AMBER |
Take extra precautions
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Follow any additional precautions recommended. Be alert and check regularly for changes in advice about this ongoing situation. Advice may be relevant for all travellers or apply to a specific group of travellers. |
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LEVEL 3: RED |
FCDO advise against travel
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The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) advise against travel on health grounds. This may mean avoiding non-essential travel, or all travel, follow the FCDO advice for details. Please note we do not report on FCDO safety and security alerts. Travellers should check the FCDO travel advisories for their destination for this information. |
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Alert categories are based on the situation at the time of publication. They will not be routinely updated unless outbreak information or a news item is updated.
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