Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported; some outbreaks may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. See 'About Outbreaks' tab below for further detail.
For further information on red, amber and green alert categories, see About Outbreaks tab.
Zika in Argentina
As of 1 November 2025, a total of 720 cases of Zika virus disease have been reported in Argentina during 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Zika.
Between 1 January and 24 May 2025, a total of 720 cases of Zika virus disease have been reported in Argentina. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Zika.
Source: PAHOBetween 1 January and 17 May 2025, a total of 654 cases of Zika virus disease have been reported in Argentina. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Zika.
Source: PAHOBetween 1 January and 12 April 2025, a total of 522 cases of Zika virus disease have been reported in Argentina. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Zika.
Source: PAHOBetween 1 January and 22 March 2025, a total of 497 cases of Zika virus disease have been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Zika.
Source: PAHOAs of 15 February 2025, a total of 288 Zika virus disease cases have been reported for 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Zika virus.
Source: PAHOZika in Brazil
As of 1 November 2025, a total of 22,831 cases of Zika virus disease have been reported in Brazil for 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Zika.
A of 19 July 2025, a total of 18,015 cases of Zika virus disease have been reported in Brazil for 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Zika.
Source: PAHOBetween 1 January and 31 May 2025, a total of 14,178 cases of Zika virus disease have been reported in Brazil. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Zika.
Source: PAHOBetween 1 January and 17 May 2025, a total of 11,592 cases of Zika virus disease have been reported in Brazil. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Zika.
Source: PAHOBetween 1 January and 5 April 2025, a total of 7,714 cases of Zika virus disease have been reported in Brazil. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Zika.
Source: PAHOBetween 1 January and 22 March 2025, a total of 5,517 cases of Zika virus disease have been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Zika.
Source: PAHOAs of 19 March 2025, a total of 1,509 cases of Zika virus disease have been reported in Brazil since the beginning of 2025. Most cases have been reported in Mato Grosso, Sao Paulo, Acre and Rio Grande do Norte. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Zika virus.
Source: StateBetween 1 and 27 January 2025, a total of 447 cases of Zika virus disease were reported. Most cases have been reported in Sao Paulo. More cases have been reported in 2025 when compared to the equivalent period in 2024 (387 cases). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Zika virus.
Source: StateAs of 7 December 2024, 40,891 suspected cases (1,998 laboratory confirmed) of Zika virus disease have been reported by Pan American Health Organization during 2024. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Zika virus.
Source: PAHOAs of 22 September 2024, a total of 6,313 cases of Zika virus disease have been reported since 1 January 2024. Of this total, 588 cases have been reported in pregnant women.
Source: StateAs of 24 August 2024, a total of 1,865 confirmed cases of Zika virus disease have been reported since the start of the year.
Source: PAHOEmilia-Romagna
Veneto
Basilicata
Chikungunya in Italy
As of 4 November 2025, a total of 374 locally acquired chikungunya cases have been identified in four regions of Italy in 2025: Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, Tuscany, and Basilicata. The largest outbreak (316 confirmed cases) is located primarily in the province of Modena (Emilia-Romagna). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
As of 9 October 2025, a total of 353 locally acquired cases of chikungunya have been reported during 2025. Local transmission has been reported in three regions (Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany and Veneto). The largest outbreak (299 confirmed cases) is located in the province of Modena (Emilia-Romagna). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: StateAs of 30 September 2025, a total of 323 locally acquired cases of chikungunya have been reported during 2025. Local transmission has been reported in two regions (Emilia-Romagna and Veneto). The largest outbreak (207 confirmed cases) is located in the province of Modena (Emilia-Romagna). A smaller outbreak (50 confirmed cases) is located in the province of Verona (Veneto). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: StateAs of 23 September 2025, a total of 268 locally acquired cases of chikungunya have been reported during 2025. Local transmission has been reported in the regions of Emilia-Romagna and Veneto. The largest outbreak is ongoing in Moderna (Emilia-Romagna) reporting 216 confirmed cases. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: StateAs of 17 September 2025, a total of 205 locally acquired cases of chikungunya have been reported this year. Three clusters are currently active. The largest cluster is located in Carpi, San Prospero, Soliera, Novellara, and Cavezzo (Emilia-Romagna region). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: ECDCAs of 11 September 2025, a total of 167 locally acquired chikungunya cases have been reported in Italy since the beginning of 2025. The cases were detected in Emilia Romagna and Veneto. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: StateAs of 3 September 2025, Italy has now reported a total of 107 locally acquired chikungunya cases in 2025. The highest number of cases (85) is currently reported in Carpi, San Prospero and Soliera. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: ECDCAs of 27 August 2025, Italy has now reported a total of 63 locally acquired chikungunya cases in 2025. The highest number of cases (53) is currently reported in Modena province, Emilia-Romagna. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: ECDCAs of 20 August 2025, a total of 29 locally acquired cases of chikungunya have been reported since the beginning of 2025. Cases have been reported from the regions of Emilia-Romagna and Veneto. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya
Source: ECDCAs of 12 August 2025, Italy has now reported a total of seven locally acquired cases of chikungunya. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: StateOn 7 August 2025, Italy has reported two new locally acquired cases of chikungunya. These are the first cases detected in Veneto. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: StateAs of 30 July 2025, Italy has reported a second locally acquired chikungunya case in the province of Bologna. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: ECDCAs of 15 July 2025, Italian health authorities have reported the first locally acquired case of chikungunya of the year. This case was reported in the Emilia Romagna region. A further 50 imported cases of the disease have been recorded in a number of regions. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on chikungunya.
Source: StateOropouche virus disease in Cuba
As of 20 Septermber 2025, a total of 4,119 (with 36 confirmed) cases of Oropouche virus disease (OROV) have been reported during 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Oropouche virus disease.
As of 31 August 2024, 506 confirmed cases of Oropouche virus disease have been reported.
Source: PAHOAs of 16 July 2024 a total of 74 confirmed cases of Oropouche virus disease have been reported since the start of the year. Brazil have recently reported two suspected cases of vertical transmission of the virus (spread of the virus from pregnant women to their baby). These cases are still under investigation.
Source: PAHOAs of 24 June 2024, human cases of Oropouche virus have been confirmed in nine provinces and 23 municipalities of Matanzas, Mayabeque, Villa Clara, Sancti Spíritus, Ciego de Ávila, Holguín, Guantánamo, Santiago de Cuba and Cienfuegos.
Source: StateAs of 27 May 2024, the Cuban authorities have reported that human Oropouche cases have been confirmed in Cuba. Travellers are advised to avoid insect bites.
Source: StateRift Valley fever in Mauritania
As of 13 October 2025, a total of 46 confirmed Rift Valley fever cases, including 14 deaths have been reported in 2025. Please see UKHSA guidance on Rift Valley fever for further details.
As of 13 October 2025, a total of 29 confirmed Rift Valley fever cases, including 12 deaths have now been reported in 2025. Please see UKHSA guidance on Rift Valley fever for further details.
Source: Africa CDCDengue in Argentina
As of 19 October 2025, a total of 17,689 dengue cases have been reported in Argentina during 2025. Case numbers peaked in May 2025 and show a decrease in numbers compared to 2024. Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
As of 18 May 2024, a total of 675,806 dengue cases have been reported in 2024. Of the three circulating dengue virus serotypes identified DENV-2 and DENV-1 account for more than 99.9% of cases with a few cases of DENV-3 also detected.
Source: StateArgentina reported 315,942 cases of dengue between 1 January 2024 and 19 April 2024, representing an increase of more than 600% compared to the same period in 2023. The cumulative incidence rate as of 19 April 2024 is 693 cases per 100,000 population.
Source: PAHOBetween 1 January and 25 March 2024, a total of 163,419 confirmed cases of dengue have been reported from Argentina. This reflects a six times greater number of cases compared to the previous season.
Source: StateBetween 1 January and 2 December 2023, 124,805 locally acquired cases of dengue were reported. This is 49% of the total number of dengue cases reported since the re-emergence of dengue in the country in 1998, and the largest number of cases reported in one year.
Source: StateRabies in Romania
A human case of rabies has been reported involving an individual from Iasi county (north east of Romania) who was bitten by a free-roaming dog in February 2025. The case did not receive post-exposure treatment and died from rabies in July 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on rabies.
Tick-borne encephalitis in Italy
As of 21 October 2025, a total of 48 tick-borne encephalitis cases (45 locally acquired) and one death have been reported in Italy in 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on tick-borne encephalitis.
West Nile virus in USA
As of 28 October 2025, a total of 1,748 human cases of West Nile virus have been reported across 45 states. The states reporting the highest number of cases include Colorado (278 cases), Illinois (127 cases), and Minnesota (110 cases). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on West Nile virus.
Dengue in Ecuador
As of 27 October 2025, a total of 34,755 confirmed dengue cases have been reported in Ecuador for 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Ecuador reported 23,234 cases of dengue between 1 January 2024 and 26 April 2024, representing an increase of 371% compared to the same period in 2023. The cumulative incidence rate as of 26 April 2024 is 130 cases per 100,000 population.
Source: PAHONaTHNaC regularly review and update information on disease outbreaks and other health issues that may affect the UK traveller. You can search the information by disease or by country in our Outbreak Surveillance section.
The information comes from a wide variety of sources and can be used along with the Country Information section of our website where you will find recommendations on vaccines, malaria and other risks for each country (where relevant).
Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported. In some countries, there may be limited surveillance and reporting processes in place so information can be difficult to obtain. Some diseases may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. Outbreaks of those diseases included in the UK childhood vaccination programme are not usually reported unless the outbreak is unusual or unexpected.
The information presented in the disease surveillance reports is collated from a variety of sources, including government bodies, international organisations and the media. The verification status of each report is clearly indicated. Verified reports are confirmed by official sources. Some unverified reports are included to ensure timely dissemination of information and where possible we will try to substantiate these reports, although confirmation may not always be possible. Unverified reports may be subject to change, misreporting and may later prove to be unsubstantiated. They should not therefore be regarded as official.
Where available, a web link is provided to the original information source. We cannot accept responsibility for the sites to which it links, or for the information found on those sites. Linking to outside sites does not in any way imply endorsement of these sites. If you wish to use the following content for official purposes, please refer to the original sources of information.
Key to NaTHNaC alert level feature
LEVEL 1: GREEN |
Take usual precautions
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Follow standard protective measures, as recommended for this destination, disease or situation. Be aware that advice may change and check for updates. |
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LEVEL 2: AMBER |
Take extra precautions
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Follow any additional precautions recommended. Be alert and check regularly for changes in advice about this ongoing situation. Advice may be relevant for all travellers or apply to a specific group of travellers. |
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LEVEL 3: RED |
FCDO advise against travel
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The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) advise against travel on health grounds. This may mean avoiding non-essential travel, or all travel, follow the FCDO advice for details. Please note we do not report on FCDO safety and security alerts. Travellers should check the FCDO travel advisories for their destination for this information. |
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Alert categories are based on the situation at the time of publication. They will not be routinely updated unless outbreak information or a news item is updated.
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