Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported; some outbreaks may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. See 'About Outbreaks' tab below for further detail.

For further information on red, amber and green alert categories, see About Outbreaks tab.

06 November 2025

Oropouche virus disease in Cuba

As of 20 Septermber 2025, a total of 4,119 (with 36 confirmed) cases of Oropouche virus disease (OROV) have been reported during 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on Oropouche virus disease.

4
Take extra precautions
06 November 2025

Rift Valley fever in Mauritania

As of 13 October 2025, a total of 46 confirmed Rift Valley fever cases, including 14 deaths have been reported in 2025. Please see UKHSA guidance on Rift Valley fever for further details.

1
Take usual precautions
03 November 2025

Dengue in Argentina

As of 19 October 2025, a total of 17,689 dengue cases have been reported in Argentina during 2025. Case numbers peaked in May 2025 and show a decrease in numbers compared to 2024. Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.

4
Take usual precautions
31 October 2025
Romania + Iasi

Rabies in Romania

A human case of rabies has been reported involving an individual from Iasi county (north east of Romania) who was bitten by a free-roaming dog in February 2025. The case did not receive post-exposure treatment and died from rabies in July 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on rabies.

Take usual precautions
29 October 2025

Tick-borne encephalitis in Italy

As of 21 October 2025, a total of 48 tick-borne encephalitis cases (45 locally acquired) and one death have been reported in Italy in 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on tick-borne encephalitis.

Take usual precautions
29 October 2025
USA

West Nile virus in USA

As of 28 October 2025, a total of 1,748 human cases of West Nile virus have been reported across 45 states. The states reporting the highest number of cases include Colorado (278 cases), Illinois (127 cases), and Minnesota (110 cases). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on West Nile virus.

Take usual precautions
28 October 2025

Dengue in Ecuador

As of 27 October 2025, a total of 34,755 confirmed dengue cases have been reported in Ecuador for 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.

1
Take usual precautions
28 October 2025

Dengue in Puerto Rico

As of 27 October 2025, a total of 2,690 confirmed dengue cases have been reported in Puerto Rico for 2025. Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have all been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.

1
Take usual precautions
24 October 2025

Mpox in Malaysia

As of 24 October 2025, one confirmed case of mpox clade Ib with no history of recent travel has been reported. This is the first locally acquired case of mpox clade Ib reported in Malaysia. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.

Take extra precautions
24 October 2025

Mpox in Portugal

As of 24 October 2025, one confirmed case of mpox clade Ib with no history of recent travel has been reported. This is the first locally acquired case of mpox clade Ib reported in Portugal. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.

Take extra precautions

NaTHNaC regularly review and update information on disease outbreaks and other health issues that may affect the UK traveller. You can search the information by disease or by country in our Outbreak Surveillance section.

The information comes from a wide variety of sources and can be used along with the Country Information section of our website where you will find recommendations on vaccines, malaria and other risks for each country (where relevant).

Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported. In some countries, there may be limited surveillance and reporting processes in place so information can be difficult to obtain. Some diseases may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. Outbreaks of those diseases included in the UK childhood vaccination programme are not usually reported unless the outbreak is unusual or unexpected.

The information presented in the disease surveillance reports is collated from a variety of sources, including government bodies, international organisations and the media. The verification status of each report is clearly indicated. Verified reports are confirmed by official sources. Some unverified reports are included to ensure timely dissemination of information and where possible we will try to substantiate these reports, although confirmation may not always be possible. Unverified reports may be subject to change, misreporting and may later prove to be unsubstantiated. They should not therefore be regarded as official.

Where available, a web link is provided to the original information source. We cannot accept responsibility for the sites to which it links, or for the information found on those sites. Linking to outside sites does not in any way imply endorsement of these sites. If you wish to use the following content for official purposes, please refer to the original sources of information.

Key to NaTHNaC alert level feature

LEVEL 1: GREEN
Take usual precautions
Follow standard protective measures, as recommended for this destination, disease or situation. Be aware that advice may change and check for updates.
LEVEL 2: AMBER
Take extra precautions
Follow any additional precautions recommended. Be alert and check regularly for changes in advice about this ongoing situation. Advice may be relevant for all travellers or apply to a specific group of travellers.
LEVEL 3: RED
FCDO advise against travel
The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) advise against travel on health grounds. This may mean avoiding non-essential travel, or all travel, follow the FCDO advice for details. Please note we do not report on FCDO safety and security alerts. Travellers should check the FCDO travel advisories for their destination for this information.

Alert categories are based on the situation at the time of publication. They will not be routinely updated unless outbreak information or a news item is updated.