Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported; some outbreaks may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. See 'About Outbreaks' tab below for further detail.
For further information on red, amber and green alert categories, see About Outbreaks tab.
Mpox in Greece
On 8 December 2025, the World Health Organization reported the first detection of mpox clade Ib in Greece. This case was confirmed in an adult with recent history of travel to the Middle East. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Dengue in Mauritania
As of 3 December 2025, a total of 7,280 dengue cases (4,050 confirmed) and one death, have been reported since this outbreak began in May 2025. Serotypes DENV-1 and DENV-2 have been identified. Cases have been reported in 13 out of 15 regions countrywide, with 35% of confirmed cases in South Nouakchott region. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
As of 6 November 2025, a total of 1,604 confirmed dengue cases have been reported in Mauritania since this outbreak began in October 2024. A total of 561 new cases have been reported since 24 October 2025. Cases have been reported in all 15 regions of the country. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Source: Africa CDCMERS-CoV in France
On 4 December 2025, French health authorities reported two confirmed, travel-associated Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases. Both travellers had visited the Arabian Peninsula. These are the first imported MERS-CoV cases detected in France since 2013. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on MERS-CoV.
Mpox in United Kingdom
On 8 December 2025, the UK Health Security Agency reported that testing (genomic sequencing) has identified a new recombinant mpox virus, with elements of clade Ib and IIb mpox. This is not unexpected, but highlights the continued potential for mpox virus to evolve and the importance of surveillance. This case was diagnosed in England in an individual who recently visited Asia. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
As of 11 September 2025, a total of 16 clade Ib mpox cases have been reported in the UK, all in England. Most of these cases had either direct or indirect links to travel to countries where mpox clade Ib is circulating. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: UKHSAAs of 4 February 2025, UKHSA has confirmed nine cases of clade Ib mpox in the UK. The ninth case was reported on 4 February 2025 and had a travel history to Uganda. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: UKHSAOn 30 January 2025, the UK Health Security Agency reported one new case of clade Ib mpox, in a returned traveller who recently visited Uganda. This is the eighth confirmed clade Ib mpox case in the UK since October 2024. Risk to the UK population remains low. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: UKHSAOn 27 January 2025, the UK Health Security Agency reported one new case of clade Ib mpox in a returned traveller who recently visited Uganda. This is the seventh confirmed clade Ib mpox case in the UK since October 2024. Risk to the UK population remains low. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: UKHSAOn 20 January 2025, the UK Health Security Agency reported one new case of clade Ib mpox in a returned traveller who recently visited Uganda. This is the sixth confirmed clade Ib mpox case in England since October 2024 and has no known links to previous UK cases. Risk to the UK population remains low. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: UKHSAOn 29 November 2024, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) reported one new case of clade Ib mpox in England. This is the fifth clade Ib mpox case confirmed in England for 2024. This case has no known links to previous cases. All four previous cases lived in the same household and have fully recovered. Risk to the UK population remains low. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: UKHSAOn 6 November 2024, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) reported that one further case of clade Ib mpox has been detected in a household contact of the first case reported on 30 October 2024. This brings the total number of confirmed cases to four, all from the same household. The index case had recently travelled to African countries reporting community cases. The risk to the UK population remains low. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: UKHSAOn 4 November 2024, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) reported that two cases of clade Ib mpox have been detected in household contacts of a first case reported on 30 October 2024. This brings the total number of confirmed clade Ib mpox cases to three. The index case had recently travelled to countries in Africa that are seeing community cases of the disease. The risk to the UK population remains low. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: UKHSAAs of 30th October 2024, a single confirmed case of clade Ib mpox has been reported. The risk to the UK population remains low. This is the first detection of this clade of mpox in the UK. The individual had recently travelled to countries in Africa that are seeing community cases of clade Ib mpox. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on mpox.
Source: UKHSALeptospirosis in Jamaica
As of 26 November 2025 a total of 18 confirmed cases of leptospirosis have been reported following Hurricane Melissa. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on leptospirosis.
Between 30 October and 20 November 2025, a total of nine confirmed and 28 suspected cases of leptospirosis have been reported in Jamaica following the passage of Hurricane Melissa. Presently, eight parishes have confirmed and/or suspected cases: St. Ann, St. Mary, St. James, Hanover, Westmoreland, St. Elizabeth, St. Catherine and Trelawny. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on leptospirosis.
Source: StateDengue in Thailand
As of 31 October 2025, a total of 51,795 dengue cases and 46 deaths have been reported in Thailand during 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
As of 4 July, a total of 36,246 dengue fever cases, including 37 deaths, have been reported in 2024.
Source: WHODengue in India
As of 31 October 2025, a total of 91,015 dengue cases have been reported in India during 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
As of 1 September 2024, a total of 23,733 dengue cases have been reported in Karnataka, with a total of 15,056 dengue cases reported in Kerala, since the beginning of 2024.
Source: WHODengue in American Samoa
As of 1 December 2025, a total of 348 confirmed cases of dengue and no deaths have been reported in American Samoa since the start of 2025. Ongoing transmission has been reported and cases are continuing to rise. DENV-1 and DENV-2 have been reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
As of 12 October 2025, a total of 264 laboratory confirmed dengue cases have been reported in American Samoa since the public health emergency was declared on 8 July 2025. DENV-1 and DENV-2 are reported to be co-circulating. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Source: SPCAs of 2 September 2025, a total of 81 confirmed dengue cases have been reported in American Samoa since July 2025. Co-circulation of DENV-1 and DENV-2 serotypes have been identified. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on dengue.
Source: SPCCholera in Afghanistan
As of 10 November 2025, a total of 153,849 cholera cases, including 74 deaths have been reported in Afghanistan since 1 January 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
Cholera in Nepal
As of 17 November 2025, a total of 2,018 cholera cases have been reported in Nepal since 1 January 2025. In comparison, in 2024 up to 23 September 2024, a total of 95 cases were reported. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on cholera.
NaTHNaC regularly review and update information on disease outbreaks and other health issues that may affect the UK traveller. You can search the information by disease or by country in our Outbreak Surveillance section.
The information comes from a wide variety of sources and can be used along with the Country Information section of our website where you will find recommendations on vaccines, malaria and other risks for each country (where relevant).
Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported. In some countries, there may be limited surveillance and reporting processes in place so information can be difficult to obtain. Some diseases may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers. Outbreaks of those diseases included in the UK childhood vaccination programme are not usually reported unless the outbreak is unusual or unexpected.
The information presented in the disease surveillance reports is collated from a variety of sources, including government bodies, international organisations and the media. The verification status of each report is clearly indicated. Verified reports are confirmed by official sources. Some unverified reports are included to ensure timely dissemination of information and where possible we will try to substantiate these reports, although confirmation may not always be possible. Unverified reports may be subject to change, misreporting and may later prove to be unsubstantiated. They should not therefore be regarded as official.
Where available, a web link is provided to the original information source. We cannot accept responsibility for the sites to which it links, or for the information found on those sites. Linking to outside sites does not in any way imply endorsement of these sites. If you wish to use the following content for official purposes, please refer to the original sources of information.
Key to NaTHNaC alert level feature
LEVEL 1: GREEN |
Take usual precautions
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Follow standard protective measures, as recommended for this destination, disease or situation. Be aware that advice may change and check for updates. |
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LEVEL 2: AMBER |
Take extra precautions
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Follow any additional precautions recommended. Be alert and check regularly for changes in advice about this ongoing situation. Advice may be relevant for all travellers or apply to a specific group of travellers. |
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LEVEL 3: RED |
FCDO advise against travel
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The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) advise against travel on health grounds. This may mean avoiding non-essential travel, or all travel, follow the FCDO advice for details. Please note we do not report on FCDO safety and security alerts. Travellers should check the FCDO travel advisories for their destination for this information. |
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Alert categories are based on the situation at the time of publication. They will not be routinely updated unless outbreak information or a news item is updated.
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