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Polio: Public Health Emergency of International Concern
An update on the polio Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)
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Factsheets
Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis (polio) is a potentially paralysing viral infection that only occurs in humans
Polio vaccination certificate
How to complete an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP) for polio
Topics
Polio
Poliomyelitis is a potentially paralysing, vaccine preventable, viral infection transmitted through food or water contaminated by infected human faeces or by direct contact with an infectious person
Outbreaks
Oran
CVDPV1 in Algeria
As of 17 September 2025, one circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (cVDPV1) case was reported this week, with onset of paralysis on 25 January 2025, from El Tarf. A genetically-linked cVDPV1 was also isolated from an environmental surveillance sample, collected on 17 March, from Oran. This is a new emergence. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
CVDPV3 in Spain
In September 2025, a vaccine-type polio enterovirus (cVDPV3) has been detected in environmental samples at two wastewater treatment plants in Baix Llobregat (Catalonia area). Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
CVDPV3 in Chad
As of 28 August 2025, one case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 3 (cVDPV3) was reported this week, with onset of paralysis on 20 June, from Chari Baguirmi. This is the first cVDPV3 in the country this year. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio
CVDPV1 in Israel
Between February and July 2025, nine genetically linked circulating vaccine-derived polio virus type 1 (cVDPV1) positive environmental samples were reported from seven sites in Israel, mainly in Jerusalem and the Central Region. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
CVDPV2 in Germany
In the week ending 6 August 2025, eight circulating vaccine-derived polio virus type 2 (cVDPV2)-positive environmental samples were reported in Germany; one from Baden, three from Bayern, one from Rheinland, and three from Sachsen. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
CVDPV2 in Central African Republic
On 25 March 2025, one environmental sample of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was confirmed in Central African Republic. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
CVDPV3 in Cameroon
As of 16 July 2025, one circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 3 (cVDPV3) case was reported this week, with onset of paralysis on 30 May 2025. Laboratory investigations are ongoing to determine its origin. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
National Capital
CVDPV2 in Papua New Guinea
As of 16 July 2025, six circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) positive environmental samples have been reported from Morobe and National Capital. These samples were collected on 26 May 2025. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
cVDVP2 in Tanzania
As of 25 June 2025, one circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) positive environmental sample was reported this week. This sample was collected on 19 May 2025 in Mwanza. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
Djibouti
CVDPV1 in Djibouti
As of 20 June 2025, eight circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (cVDPV1) positive environmental samples, collected in February, March and April 2025, were reported from Djibouti and Arta. These are the first cVDPV1 isolates reported from the country. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
CVDPV2 in Burkina Faso
As of 14 May 2025, one case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) has been reported from Fada, with onset of paralysis on 30 March 2025. This is the first human case reported in Burkina Faso since 2023. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
CVDPV2 in Israel
As of 28 March 2025, circulating vaccine-derived polio virus type 2 (cVDPV2) was detected in one environmental sample collected on 29 January 2025. This virus is genetically linked to virus originating in Nigeria. It is not closely related to multiple detections in wastewater in Europe since September 2024 and is unrelated to the strain currently in Gaza. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
CVDPV2 in Poland
As of 26 February 2025, one cVDPV2 positive environmental sample was reported from Masovian, Poland. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
VDPV2 in United Kingdom
As of 10 January 2025, a further vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) has been detected in an environmental sewage sample from London collected in December 2024. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
VDPV2 in Australia
As of 23 December 2024, vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) was identified in routine wastewater sampling in the Melbourne metropolitan area. This is likley to be link to someone who received a live polio vaccine overseas. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
CVDPV2 in South Sudan
As of 18 December 2024, a total of nine cirulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) cases have been reported in 2024. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
VDPV2 in Finland
On 9 December 2024, vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) was reported to be detected in wastewater samples in Tampere. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
CVDPV2 in Poland
As of 20 November 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) has been detected in an environmental sample from Warsaw. This sample is linked to the cVDPV2 oubreak originating in Zamfara, northern Nigeria. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
CVDPV3 in Guinea
Three cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 3 (cVDPV3) have been reported from Kankan, Guinea, with onsets of paralysis in July, August, and September 2024. These are the first cVDPV3 cases reported in this country. Please see our Topics in Brief article for further details on polio.
CVDPV2 in Djibouti
As of 23 October 2024, one positive circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) environmental sample has been reported in Djibouti. The sample was collected in September, making it the first in the country since May 2022.
CVDPV3 in French Guiana
As of 9 October 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 3 (cVDPV3) has been detected in three environmental samples collected in May, June and August 2024. This is the first time cVDPV3 has been reported in French Guiana.
CVDPV2 in Spain
As of 9 October 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) has been detected in an environmental sample from the Barcelona metropolitan area, Catalonia. This is the first time cVDPV2 has been reported in Spain.
CVDPV2 in Ghana
As of 11 September 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) has been detected in an environmental sample in this country.
CVDPV2 in Palestinian Territories
As of 28 August 2024, a ciruclating vaccine-derived polio virus type 2 (cVDPV2) case was reported in the Gaza Strip. There have been six cVDPV2-positive environmental samples reported in Gaza this year.
CVDPV2 in Liberia
As of 14 August, a case of circulating vaccine-derived polio virus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported in Sinoe. This is the first case reported since 2021.
CVDPV2 in Ghana
As of 16 June 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) has been detected in an environmental sample in this country.
CVDPV2 in Uganda
As of 7 June 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) has been detected in an environmental sample in this country.
CVDPV2 in The Gambia
As of 7 June 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) has been detected in an environmental sample in this country.
Gambela
Amhara
Tigray
CVDPV2 in Ethiopia
As of 22 May 2024, six cVDPV2 cases were reported in Ethiopia; one each in Tigray and Afar and two each in Gambella and Amhara. There was one cVDPV2 case reported in 2023 and 5 cases in 2024.
CVDPV2 in Angola
As of 8 May 2024, one case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) has been reported. This is the first human case reported in Angola since 2022.
CVDPV2 in Liberia
As of 8 April 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) has been detected in an environmental sample in this country.
CVDPV2 in Senegal
As of 8 April 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) has been detected in an environmental sample in this country.
CVDPV2 in Sierra Leone
As of 8 April 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) has been detected in an environmental sample in this country.
